关键词： 经济金融术语 汉英对照表

   

    Ａ

    安全网 safety net

    按可比口径 on comparable basis

    按轻重缓急 to prioritize

    暗补 implicit subsidy

    暗亏 hidden loss

   

   

    Ｂ

    颁发营业执照 to license; to grant a licence to

    办理存款业务 to take deposits

    保护农民的生产积极性 to protect farmers' incentive to produce

    备付金（超额准备金） excess reserves

    本外币并账 consolidation of domestic and foreign currency

    accounts

    本外币对冲操作 sterilization operation

    本位利益 localized interest; departmentalism

    奔小康 to strive to prosper;

    to strive to become well-to-do

    避税（请见“逃税”） tax avoidance

    币种搭配不当 currency mismatch

    币种构成 currency composition

    变相社会集资 disguised irregular (or illegal) fund raising

    表外科目（业务） off-balance-sheet items (operation)

    薄弱环节 weaknesses; loopholes

    不变成本 fixed cost

    不变价 at constant price; in real terms

    不动产 real estate

    不良贷款（资产） problem loans; non-performing loans (assets)

   

    Ｃ

    财务公司 finance companies

    财政赤字 fiscal deficit

    财政挤银行 fiscal pressure on the central bank (over monetary

    policy)

    财政政策与货币政策的配合 coordination of fiscal and monetary policies

    采取循序渐进的方法 in a phased and sequenced manner

    操作弹性 operational flexibility

    操纵汇率 to manipulate exchange rate

    产品构成 product composition; product mix

    产品积压 stock pile; excessive inventory

    产销率 current period inventory; (即期库存，不含前期库

    存) sales/output ratio

    产销衔接 marketability

    产业政策 industrial policy

    长期国债 treasury bonds

    敞口头寸 open position

    炒股 to speculate in the stock market

    承购包销 underwrite (securities)

    成套机电产品 complete sets of equipment; complete plant (s)

    城市信用社 urban credit cooperatives (UCCs)

    城市合作银行 urban cooperative banks; municipal united banks

    城市商业银行 municipal commercial banks

    城乡居民收入增长超过物价涨幅 real growth in household income

    持续升温 persistent overheating

    重复布点 duplicate projects

    重置成本 replacement cost

    重组计划 restructuring plan

    筹资渠道 funding sources; financing channels

    初见成效 initial success

   

    出口统一管理、归口经营 canalization of exports

    出口退税 export tax rebate

    储蓄存款 household deposits (不完全等同于西方的 savings

    deposits, 前者包括活期存款，后者不包括。)

    储蓄分流 diversion of household deposits

    储源萎缩 decline in the availability of household savings

    传导机制 transmission mechanism

    从价税 ad valorem tax

    从紧控制 tight control

    存贷款比例 loan/deposit ratio

    存款保险体系 deposit insurance system

    存款货币银行 deposit money banks

    存款准备金 required reserves

   

   

    Ｄ

    打白条 issue IOU

    大额存单 certificate of deposit (CD)

    大额提现 withdraw deposits in large amounts

    大面积滑坡 wide-spread decline

    大一统的银行体制 (all-in-one) mono-bank system

    呆账（请见“坏账”） bad loans

    呆账准备金 loan loss reserves (provisions)

    呆滞贷款 idle loans

    贷款沉淀 non-performing loans

    贷款分类 loan classification

    贷款限额管理 credit control; to impose credit ceiling

    贷款约束机制 credit disciplinary (constraint) mechanism

    代理国库 to act as fiscal agent

   

    代理金融机构贷款 make loans on behalf of other institutions

    戴帽贷款 ear-marked loans

    倒逼机制 reversed transmission of the pressure for easing mone-

    tary condition

    道德风险 moral hazard

    地区差别 regional disparity

    第一产业 the primary industry

    第二产业 the secondary industry

    第三产业 the service industry; the tertiary industry

    递延资产 deferrable assets

    订货不足 insufficient orders

    定期存款 time deposits

    定向募集 raising funds from targeted sources

    东道国（请见“母国”） host country

    独立核算 independent accounting

    短期国债 treasury bills

    对冲操作 sterilization operation; hedging

    对非金融部门债权 claims on non-financial sector

    多种所有制形式 diversified ownership

   

   

    Ｅ

    恶性通货膨胀 hyperinflation

    二级市场 secondary market

   

    Ｆ

    发行货币 to issue currency

    发行总股本 total stock issue

    法定准备金 required reserves; reserve requirement

    法人股 institutional shares

    法人股东 institutional shareholders

    法治 rule of law

    房地产投资 real estate investment

    放松银根 to ease monetary policy

    非现场稽核 off-site surveillance (or monitoring)

    非银行金融机构 non-bank financial institutions

    非赢利性机构 non-profit organizations

    分税制 assignment of central and local taxes; tax assignment

    system

    分业经营 segregation of financial business (services); division

    of business scope based on the type of financial institutions

    风险暴露（风险敞口） risk exposure

    风险管理 risk management

    风险意识 risk awareness

    风险资本比例 risk-weighted capital ratios

    风险资本标准 risk-based capital standard

    服务事业收入 public service charges; user's charges

    扶贫 poverty alleviation

    负增长 negative growth

    复式预算制 double-entry budgeting; capital and current bud-

    getary account

   

    Ｇ

    改革试点 reform experimentation

    杠杆率 leverage ratio

    杠杆收购 leveraged buyout

    高息集资 to raise funds by offering high interest

    个人股 non-institutional shares

    根本扭转 fundamental turnaround (or reversal)

    公开市场操作 open market operations

    公款私存 deposit public funds in personal accounts

    法律翻译公司

    公用事业 public utilities

    公有经济 the state-owned sector; the public sector

    公有制 public ownership

    工业成本利润率 profit-to-cost ratio

    工业增加值 industrial value added

    供大于求 supply exceeding demand; excessive supply

    鼓励措施 incentives

    股份合作企业 joint-equity cooperative enterprises

    股份制企业 joint-equity enterprises

    股份制银行 joint-equity banks

    固定资产贷款 fixed asset loans

    关税减免 tariff reduction and exemption

    关税减让 tariff concessions

    关税优惠 tariff incentives; preferential tariff treatment

    规范行为 to regularize (or standardize)…behavior

    规模效益 economies of scale

    国计民生 national interest and people's livelihood

    国家对个人其他支出 other government outlays to individuals

    国家风险 country risk

    国际分工 international division of labor

    国际收支 balance of payments

    国有独资商业银行 wholly state-owned commercial banks

    国有经济（部门） the state-owned (or public) sector

   

    国有企业 state-owned enterprises (SOEs)

    国有制 state-ownership

    国有资产流失 erosion of state assets

    国债回购 government securities repurchase

    国债一级自营商 primary underwriters of government securities

    过度竞争 excessive competition

    过度膨胀 excessive expansion

    过热迹象 signs of overheating

   

   

    Ｈ

    合理预期 rational expectation

    核心资本 core capital

    合资企业 joint-venture enterprises

    红利 dividend

    宏观经济运营良好 sound macroeconomic performance

    宏观经济基本状况 macroeconomic fundamentals

    宏观调控 macroeconomic management (or adjustment)

    宏观调控目标 macroeconomic objectives (or targets)

    坏账 bad debt

    还本付息 debt service

    换汇成本 unit export cost;

    local currency cost of export earnings

    汇兑在途 funds in float

    汇兑支出 advance payment of remittance by the beneficiary's

    bank

    汇率并轨 unification of exchange rates

    活期存款 demand deposits

    汇率失调 exchange rate misalignment

    混合所有制 diversified (mixed) ownership

    货币政策态势 monetary policy stance

    货款拖欠 overdue obligations to suppliers

   

    Ｊ

    基本建设投资 investment in infrastructure

    基本经济要素 economic fundamentals

    基本适度 broadly appropriate

    基准利率 benchmark interest rate

    机关团体存款 deposits of non-profit institutions

    机会成本 opportunity cost

    激励机制 incentive mechanism

    积压严重 heavy stockpile; excessive inventory

    挤提存款 run on banks

    挤占挪用 unwarranted diversion of (financial) resources

    (from designated uses)

    技改投资 investment in technological upgrading

    技术密集型产品 technology-intensive product

    计划单列市 municipalities with independent planning status

    计划经济 planned economy

    集体经济 the collective sector

    加大结构调整力度 to intensify structural adjustment

    加工贸易 processing trade

    加快态势 accelerating trend

    加强税收征管稽查 to enhance tax administration

    加权价 weighted average price

    价格放开 price liberalization

    价格形成机制 pricing mechanism

    减亏 to reduce losses

    简化手续 to cut red tape; to simplify (streamline) procedures

    交投活跃 brisk trading

    缴存准备金 to deposit required reserves

    结构扭曲 structural distortion

    结构失调 structural imbalance

    结构性矛盾突出 acute structural imbalance

   

    结构优化 structural improvement (optimization)

    结汇、售汇 sale and purchase of foreign exchange

    金融脆弱 financial fragility

    金融动荡 financial turbulence

    金融风波 financial disturbance

    金融恐慌 financial panic

    金融危机 financial crisis

    金融压抑 financial repression

    金融衍生物 financial derivatives

    金融诈骗 financial fraud

    紧缩银根 to tighten monetary policy

    紧缩政策 austerity policies; tight financial policies

    经常账户可兑换 current account convertibility

    经济特区 special economic zones (SEZs)

    经济体制改革 economic reform

    经济增长方式的转变 change in the main source of economic growth (from

    investment expansion to efficiency gains)

    经济增长减速 economic slowdown;

    moderation in economic growth

    经济制裁 economic sanction

    经营自主权 autonomy in management

    景气回升 recovery in business activity

    境外投资 overseas investment

    竞争加剧 intensifying competition

    局部性金融风波 localized (isolated) financial disturbance

   

    Ｋ

    开办人民币业务 to engage in RMB business

    可维持（可持续）经济增长 sustainable economic growth

    可变成本 variable cost

    可自由兑换货币 freely convertible currency

    控制现金投放 control currency issuance

    扣除物价因素 in real terms; on inflation-adjusted basis

    库存产品 inventory

    跨国银行业务 cross-border banking

    跨年度采购 cross-year procurement

    会计准则 accounting standard

   

   

    Ｌ

    来料加工 processing of imported materials for export

    离岸银行业务 off-shore banking (business)

    理顺外贸体制 to rationalize foreign trade regime

    利率杠杆的调节作用 the role of interest rates in resource allocation

    利润驱动 profit-driven

    利息回收率 interest collection ratio

    联行清算 inter-bank settlement

    连锁企业 franchise (businesses); chain businesses

    良性循环 virtuous cycle

    两极分化 growing income disparity;

    polarization in income distribution

    零售物价指数 retail price index (RPI)

   

    流动性比例 liquidity ratio

    流动资产周转率／流通速度 velocity of liquid assets

    流动资金贷款 working capital loans

    流通体制 distribution system

    流通网络 distribution network

    留购（租赁期满时承租人可购买租赁物） hire purchase

    垄断行业 monopolized industry (sector)

    乱集资 irregular (illegal) fund raising

    乱收费 irregular (illegal) charges

    乱摊派 unjustified (arbitrary) levies

   

   

    Ｍ

    买方市场 buyer's market

    卖方市场 seller's market

    卖出回购证券 matched sale of repo

    贸易差额 trade balance

    民间信用 non-institutionalized credit

    免二减三 exemption of income tax for the first two years of

    making profit and 50% tax reduction for the

    following three years

    明补 explicit subsidy

    明亏 explicit loss

    名牌产品 brand products

    母国（请见“东道国”） home country

   

    Ｎ

    内部控制 internal control

    内部审计 internal audit

    内地与香港 the mainland and Hong Kong

    内债 domestic debt

    扭亏为盈 to turn a loss-making enterprise into a profitable

    one

    扭曲金融分配 distorted allocation of financial resources

    农副产品采购支出 outlays for agricultural procurement

    农村信用社 rural credit cooperatives (RCCs)

   

   

    Ｐ

    泡沫效应 bubble effect

    泡沫经济 bubble economy

    培育新的经济增长点 to tap new sources of economic growth

    片面追求发展速度 excessive pursuit of growth

    平衡发展 balanced development

    瓶颈制约 bottleneck (constraints)

    平稳回升 steady recovery

    铺底流动资金 initial (start-up) working capital

    普遍回升 broad-based recovery

    配套改革 concomitant (supporting) reforms

    配套人民币资金 local currency funding of…

    法律翻译公司

    Ｑ

    企业办社会 enterprises burdened with social responsibilities

    企业集团战略 corporate group strategy

    企业兼并重组 company merger and restructuring

    企业领导班子 enterprise management

    企业所得税 enterprise (corporate) income tax

    企业效益 corporate profitability

    企业资金违规流入股市 irregular flow of enterprise funds into the stock market

    欠税 tax arrears

    欠息 overdue interest

    强化税收征管 to strengthen tax administration

    强制措施 enforcement action

    翘尾因素 carryover effect

    切一刀 partial application

    清理收回贷款 clean up and recover loans

    （破产）清算 liquidation

    倾斜政策 preferential policy

    区别对待 differential treatment

    趋势加强 intensifying trend

    全球化 globalization

    权益回报率 returns on equity (ROE)

    缺乏后劲 unsustainable momentum

   

    Ｒ

    绕规模贷款 to circumvent credit ceiling

    人均国内生产总值 per capita GDP

    人均收入 per capita income

    人民币升值压力 upward pressure on the Renminbi (exchange rate)

    认缴资本 subscribed capital

    软贷款 soft loans

    软预算约束 soft budget constraint

    软着陆 soft landing

    Ｓ

    三角债 chain debts; inter-enterprise arrears

    善政廉政 good governance

    商业贷款 commercial loans

    上市公司 (publicly) listed corporations

    设备利用 capacity utilization

    社会保障 social safety net; social security (insurance)

    深层次矛盾 deep-rooted structural imbalance

    审批金融机构 to license financial institutions

    审慎监管 prudential supervision

    生产能力闲置 unutilized capacity

    生息资产 interest-bearing assets

   

    实际利用外资 disbursement of foreign capital;

    actual inflow of foreign investment

    实际有效汇率 real effective exchange rate

    实时 real time

    实收资本 paid-in capital

    实现利润 realized profit

    市场分割 market segmentation

    市场经济 market economy

    市场占有率（市场份额） market share

    市场准入 market access (指商品和劳务的进入);

    market entry (指机构的审批)

    市价总值 market capitalization

    适度从紧 appropriately tight

    适时调节 timely adjustment

    收回对金融机构贷款 to recall central bank loans (to financial institutions)

    税后还贷 amortization (repayment of loans) after tax

    税收流失 tax erosion

    税源不足 weak tax base

    私营经济（私人经济） the private sector

    私有制 private ownership

    所有者权益 owner's equity

   

    Ｔ

    逃税（请见“避税”） tax evasion

    套汇 （1）指合法：currency swap; arbitrage

    （2）指非法：illegal purchase of foreign exchange

    剔除季节性因素 seasonally adjusted

    调节流动性 to influence liquidity level

    贴现窗口 discount window

    同比 on year-on-year basis;

    over the same period of the previous year

    同业拆借（放） inter-bank borrowing (lending)

    同业拆借市场利率（中国） CHIBOR (China inter-bank offered rate)

    同业融通票据 inter-bank financing bills

    同业往来 inter-bank transactions

    透支 overdraft

    退税 tax refund (rebate)

    头寸 position

    吞吐基础货币 adjustment of monetary base

    脱媒现象 disintermediation

   

    Ｗ

    外部审计 external audit

    外国直接投资 foreign direct investment (FDI)

    外汇储备 foreign exchange reserves

    外汇调剂 foreign exchange swap

    外汇占款 the RMB counterpart of foreign exchange reserves;

    the RMB equivalent of offcial foreign exchange hold-

    ings

    外向型经济 export-oriented economy

    外债 external debt

    外资企业 foreign-funded enterprises

    完善现代企业制度 to improve the modern enterprise system

    完税凭证 tax payment documentation

    违法经营 illegal business

    委托存款 entrusted deposits

    稳步增长 steady growth

    稳健的银行系统 a sound banking system

    稳中求进 to make progress while ensuring stability

    无纸交易 book-entry (or paperless/scriptless) transaction

    物价监测 price monitoring

   

    Ｘ

    吸纳流动性 to absorb liquidity

    稀缺经济 scarcity economy

    洗钱 money laundering

    系统内调度 fund allocation within a bank

    系统性金融危机 systemic financial crisis

    下岗工人 laid-off employees

    下游企业 down-stream enterprises

    现场稽核 on-site examination

    现金滞留（居民手中） cash held outside the banking system

    乡镇企业 township and village enterprises (TVEs)

    消费物价指数 consumer price index (CPI)

    消费税 excise (consumption) tax

    消灭财政赤字 to balance the budget; to eliminate fiscal deficit

    销货款回笼 reflow of corporate sales income to the banking sys-

    tem

    销售平淡 lackluster sales

    协议外资金额 committed amount of foreign investment

    新经济增长点 new sources of economic growth

    新开工项目 new projects; newly started projects

    新增贷款 incremental credit; loan increment; credit growth;

   

    credit expansion

    新增就业位置 new jobs; new job opportunities

    信贷规模考核 review the compliance with credit ceilings

    信号失真 distorted signals

    信托投资公司 trust and investment companies

    信息不对称 information asymmetry

    信息反馈 feedback (information)

    信息共享系统 information sharing system

    信息披露 information disclosure

    信用扩张 credir expansion

    信用评级 credit rating

    姓“资”还是姓“社” pertaining to socialism or capitalism; socialist or

    captialist

    行政措施 administrative measures

    需求膨胀 demand expansion; excessive demand

    虚伪存款 window-dressing deposits

    削减冗员 to shed excess labor force

    寻租 rent seeking

    迅速反弹 quick rebound

   

    Ｙ

    养老基金 pension fund

    一刀切 universal application; non-discretionary implemen-

    tation

    一级市场 primary market

    应收未收利息 overdue interest

    银行网点 banking outlets

    赢利能力 profitability

    营业税 business tax

    硬贷款（商业贷款） commercial loans

    用地审批 to grant land use right

    有管理的浮动汇率 managed floating exchange rate

    证券投资 portfolio investment

    游资（热钱） hot money

    有市场的产品 marketable products

    有效供给 effective supply

    诱发新一轮经济扩张 trigger a new round of economic expansion

    逾期贷款 overdue loans; past-due loans

    与国际惯例接轨 to become compatible with internationally accepted

    practices

    与国际市场接轨 to integrate with the world market

    预算外支出（收入） off-budget (extra-budgetary) expenditure

   

    (revenue)

    预调 pre-emptive adjustment

    月环比 on a month-on-month basis; on a monthly basis

    法律翻译公司

   

    Ｚ

    再贷款 central bank lending

    在国际金融机构储备头寸 reserve position in international financial institutions

    在人行存款 deposits at (with) the central bank

    在途资金 fund in float

    增加农业投入 to increase investment in agriculture

    增势减缓 deceleration of growth; moderation of growth

    momentum

    增收节支措施 revenue-enhancing and expenditure control mea-

    sures

    增长平稳 steady growth

    增值税 value-added tax (VAT)

    涨幅偏高 higher-than-desirable growth rate; excessive

    growth

    账外账 concealed accounts

    折旧 depreciation

    整顿 retrenchment; consolidation

    政策工具 policy instrument

    政策性业务 policy-related operations

    政策性银行 policy banks

    政策组合 policy mix

    政府干预 government intervention

    证券交易清算 settlement of securities transactions

    证券业务占款 funding of securities purchase

    支付困难 payment difficulty

    支付能力 payment capacity

   

    直接调控方式向 to increase the reliance on indirect policy instruments

    间接调控方式转变

    职能转换 transformation of functions

    职业道德 professional ethics

    指令性措施 mandatory measures

    指令性计划 mandatory plan; administered plan

    制定和实施货币政策 to conduct monetary policy; to formulate and imple-

    ment monetary policy

    滞后影响 lagged effect

    中介机构 intermediaries

    中央与地方财政 delineation of fiscal responsibilities

    分灶吃饭重点建设 key construction projects; key investment project

    周期谷底 bottom (trough) of business cycle

    周转速度 velocity

    主办银行 main bank

    主权风险 sovereign risk

    注册资本 registered capital

    逐步到位 to phase in; phased implementation

    逐步取消 to phase out

    抓大放小 to seize the big and free the small (to maintain close

    oversight on the large state-ownedenterprises and

    subject smaller ones to market competition)

    专款专用 use of funds as ear-marked

    转贷 on-lending

    转轨经济 transition economy

    转机 turnaround

    转折关头 turning point

    准财政赤字 quasi-fiscal deficit

   

    准货币 quasi-money

    资本不足 under-capitalized

    资本充足率 capital adequacy ratio

    资本利润率 return on capital

    资本账户可兑换 capital account convertibility

    资不抵债 insolvent; insolvency

    资产负债表 balance sheet

    资产负债率 liability/asset ratio; ratio of liabilities to assets

    资产集中 asset concentration

    资产贡献率 asset contribution factor

    资产利润率 return on assets (ROA)

    资产质量 asset quality

    资产组合 asset portfolio

    资金成本 cost of funding; cost of capital; financing cost

    资金到位 fully funded (project)

    资金宽裕 to have sufficient funds

    资金利用率 fund utilization rate

    资金缺口 financing gap

    资金体外循环 financial disintermediation

    资金占压 funds tied up

    自筹投资项目 self-financed projects

    自有资金 equity fund

    综合国力 overall national strength (often measured by GDP)

    综合效益指标 overall efficiency indicator

    综合治理 comprehensive adjustment (retrenchment); over-

    haul

    总成交额 total contract value

    总交易量 total amount of transactions

    总成本 total cost

    最后贷款人 lender of last resort